Salonina - Roman Empress Wife of Gallienus Biography Ancient Coins to
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Authentic Ancient Coin of:
Salonina - Roman Empress: 253-268 A.D. - Wife of
Gallienus -
Silvered Bronze Antoninianus Struck at the mint of Rome
255-256 A.D.
Reference: Goebl 506s, Not in RIC.
SALONINA AVG, Diademed draped bust right on crescent
VENVS VICTRIX, Venus standing left, holding helmet in right hand and
transverse sceptre in left,
Shield at feet right, captive at feet left.
Venus was a
Roman
goddess principally associated with
love,
beauty and
fertility, who played a key role in
many
Roman religious festivals and myths.
From the third century BC, the increasing
Hellenization of Roman upper classes
identified her as the equivalent of the
Greek goddess
Aphrodite.
 Her
cult began in
Ardea and
Lavinium,
Latium. On August 15, 293 BC, her
oldest known
temple was dedicated, and August 18
became a festival called the
Vinalia Rustica. After
Rome's
defeat at the
Battle of Lake Trasimene in the opening
episodes of the
Second Punic War, the Sibylline oracle
recommended the importation of the Sicillian Venus of Eryx; a temple to
her was dedicated on the
Capitoline Hill in 217 BC: a second
temple to her was dedicated in 181 BC.
Venus seems to have played a part in household or private religion of
some Romans. Julius Caesar claimed her as an ancestor (Venus Genetrix);
possibly a long-standing family tradition, certainly one adopted as such
by his heir
Augustus. Venus statuettes have been
found in quite ordinary household shrines (lararia). In fiction,
Petronius places one among the
Lares
of the
freedman
Trimalchio's household shrine.
Julia Cornelia Salonina (d. 268,
Mediolanum) was an
Augusta, wife of
Roman Emperor
Gallienus and mother of
Valerian II,
Saloninus, and
Marinianus.
Julia Cornelia Salonina's origin is unknown. According to a modern
theory, she was born of
Greek origin in
Bithynia, then part of the province of
Bithynia et Pontus,
Asia Minor. However, there exists some
scepticism on that. She was married to Gallienus about ten years before
his accession to the throne. When her husband became joint-emperor with
his father
Valerian in 253, Cornelia Salonina was
named Augusta.
Cornelia was the mother of three princes,
Valerian II,
Saloninus and
Marinianus. Her fate, after the murder
of Gallienus, during the siege of
Mediolanum in 268, is unknown. It is
likely that either her life was spared or the she was executed together
with other members of her family, at the orders of the Senate of Rome.
Her name is reported on coins with Latin legend as Cornelia
Salonina; however, from the Greek coinage come the names Iulia
Cornelia Salonina, Publia Licinia Cornelia Salonina, and
Salonina Chrysogona (attribute that means "begotten of gold").
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