Parthia - Phraates IV - King: 38-2 B.C. of the Parthian
Kingdom -
Silver Tetradrachm 30mm (13.3 grams) Struck 35-34 B.C.
Reference: Sear 7466; B.M.C. 23.99,2
His diademed and cuirassed bust left, with long, pointed beard.
King enthroned right, being presented with a palm-branch by Tyche standing left
before him, holding cornucopia; above, ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ / ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΝ; on right, ΑΡΣΑΚΟV /
EVEPΓETOV; below, ΔΙΚΑΙΟV; on left, ΕΠΙΦΑΝΟVΣ / ΦΙΛΕΛΛΗΝΟΣ; beneath
throne, Seleucid date.
Another son of Orodes II, Phraates became heir to the Parthian
throne on the death of his brother Pakoros, and hastened his father's end in his
eagerness for power. Early in his reign he successfully repulsed an invasion of
Media by Mark Antony, and later established friendly relations with Augustus to
whom he eventually restored the legionary standards captured from Crassus. This
event was much commemorated on the contemporary Roman coinage. Phraates, like
his father and grandfather before him, finally fell victim to his own son.
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King Phraates IV of Parthia, son of
Orodes II, ruled the
Parthian Empire from 37–2 BC. He was appointed successor to the throne in 37
BC, after the death of his brother
Pacorus I. He soon murdered his father and all his thirty brothers.
Phraates was attacked in 36 BC by the Roman general
Mark
Antony, who marched through
Armenia into
Media Atropatene, and was defeated and lost the greater part of his army.
Antony, believing himself betrayed by
Artavasdes, king of Armenia, invaded his kingdom in 34 BC, took him
prisoner, and concluded a treaty with another
Artavasdes, king of
Media Atropatene.
But when the war with
Octavian broke out, Antony could not maintain his conquests; Phraates
recovered
Media Atropatene and drove
Artaxias,
the son of Artavasdes, back into Armenia. But by his many cruelties Phraates had
roused the indignation of his subjects, who raised
Tiridates II to the throne in 32 BC. Phraates was restored by the
Scythians,
and Tiridates fled into
Syria. The Romans
hoped that
Augustus would avenge the defeat of the Roman general
Marcus Licinius Crassus on the Parthians, but he contented himself with a
treaty, by which Phraates gave back the prisoners and the conquered eagles; the
kingdom of Armenia also was recognized as a Roman dependency.
Soon afterwards Phraates, whose greatest enemies were his own family, sent
five of his sons as hostages to Augustus, thus acknowledging his dependence on
Rome (the hostages included
Tiridates III, whom the Romans later tried to install as a vassal king in
AD 35). This plan he
adopted on the advice of an Italian
concubine whom he made his legitimate wife under the name of "the goddess
Musa"; her son
Phraates V, commonly called Phraataces (a diminutive form), he appointed
successor. About 2 BC he was murdered by Musa and her son.
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